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一项新的研究表明，一类全新的组织胶可以修补被刺破的猪心。这种组织胶被称为Tough Adhesives，这类新组织胶未来有一天可能可以帮助修补人体难以抵达的部位。到目前为止，研究人员主要在血液覆盖的皮肤上测试这种组织胶，并发现其成功修补了一颗猪心。

这项研究表明，组织胶未来可能可以安全有效地修复创伤、手术等留下的内部切口。现在，患者的选择非常局限于缝合线和缝合钉，这在使用难以达到的内部位置方面具有挑战性。医疗超级胶只能在干燥的皮肤表面发挥作用，另外由于具有毒性不能在体内使用。

根据发表的一项新研究，哈佛大学科学家团队开发的这些新型Tough Adhesives可以保持粘稠，即使在潮湿的环境中也是如此。它们对人体细胞无毒。这是设计用于人体内部组织胶的关键。研究人员使用他们的Tough Adhesives成功地修补了一颗猪心。同时这种组织胶也阻止大鼠肝脏继续出血。

研究人员实际上并没有使用鼻涕虫粘液中的任何分子。相反，他们使用了类似和直观的设计策略：将粘性成分与可以拉伸和承受移动体施加的应力的东西混合。粘性成分是已经存在的成分，如你在胶囊中发现的明胶或是虾壳中发现的化合物和两个合成分子。(研究人员发现虾壳分子的粘性最强)

对于可拉伸的吸震材料，研究人员使用了一种称为水凝胶的东西。研究人员通过分层这两种成分创建了几种不同版本的hydrogel。它们甚至可以几分钟在血腥的表面上变干，可以承受来自心脏收缩的力量。

文章信息：

　　Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces

　　Science 28 Jul 2017:

　　Vol. 357, Issue 6349, pp. 378-381

　　DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6362

　　Sticky even when wet

　　Tissue adhesives are used as an alternative to stitches or staples and can be less damaging to the healthy tissues. But they can suffer from low biocompatibility and poor matching of the mechanical properties with the tissues. Li et al. combined an adhesive surface with a flexible matrix to develop an adhesive that has the right level of stick but moves with the surrounding tissues. The adhesive is effective in the presence of blood and thus might work during wound repair.

　　Abstract:

　　Adhesion to wet and dynamic surfaces, including biological tissues, is important in many fields but has proven to be extremely challenging. Existing adhesives are cytotoxic, adhere weakly to tissues, or cannot be used in wet environments. We report a bioinspired design for adhesives consisting of two layers: an adhesive surface and a dissipative matrix. The former adheres to the substrate by electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds, and physical interpenetration. The latter amplifies energy dissipation through hysteresis. The two layers synergistically lead to higher adhesion energies on wet surfaces as compared with those of existing adhesives. Adhesion occurs within minutes, independent of blood exposure and compatible with in vivo dynamic movements. This family of adhesives may be useful in many areas of application, including tissue adhesives, wound dressings, and tissue repair.